How were logos written onto the dial in the past?

Vintage watches are a never ending rabbit hole. With so many redials and fakes floating around, buying vintage Rolex in particular is tough.

Taking a look at these 3 Cellini examples, I see similarities and differences.

  1. First two are serif font like the classic Rolex logo. Third is a bit sloppy and sans serif

  2. There are differences even between the first two. Looks like in the first one the E In Geneve has an accent over it.

Some questions i have for watch aficionados and historians.

  1. How were logos written onto the dial in the past? Was it a stamp? Handwritten? Stenciled in?

  2. What causes this variation?

  3. Is the 3rd watch fake or a redial? How about the first?

  4. How are redials done? Some guy with a thin paintbrush?

  5. Am I obsessing over minutia?

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Interesting! So it is printed/stamped/pressed into the dial with ink.